Although Vietnam and the Philippines experience heavy rainfall year-round, climate change is exacerbating the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.
A recent model from Zurich Resilience Solutions shows that by the 2040s, six major Southeast Asian cities—Singapore, Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, and Manila—will face a "high risk" of extreme precipitation, heat waves, and sea level rise.
Critical infrastructure in Manila, Bangkok, Singapore, and Jakarta is particularly vulnerable. This projection is based on the IPCC's SSP2-4.5 scenario, which projects global warming of approximately 2°C between 2041 and 2060. Without mitigation measures, Southeast Asia could lose up to 25% of its GDP by 2050.
